Tension and Ten-son !!

I was and I am troubling with some of the very easy Definition.(Not jumble in words like tension and ten-son !!)When it is the time of Description I Can manage but when it's question to be particular to words I am so confused, I think at my age it's happened with all. so I share here some of the definitions.

• Quantity: How much there is or how many there are of something that you can 
• Elongation: An addition to the length of something.
• Deformation: Alternation in the shape or dimensions of an object as a result of the application stress to it.

• Stress: Force that produces strain on a physical body.
• Strain: Deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces.
• Shrinkage: Process, or result of becoming less or smaller
• Creep: A slow longitudinal movement or deformation 
• Inelastic: Not able to adjust readily to different conditions.
• Tension: A stress that produces an elongation of an Elastic physic body.
• Shear:The Influence that Produces a change in a Physical Quantity.
• Force: The influence that produce a change in a physical quantity

• Creep in concrete: progressive increase in the inelastic deformation of concrete under sustained stress component.
• Shrinkage in concrete: Contraction of concrete on drying.
• Creep co-officiant: The ratio of the total creep strain to elastic strain in concrete.
• Cracking load: The load on the structural elements corresponding to the first visible crack.

Concrete

            Civil engineering without concrete, how it look? today we have more options but some materials have its own values.Same as there is one more material; a composite material which known as a concrete without it also we feel like there is missing something;let's see about it today.

 concrete is the composition material made from primarily with aggregate, cement, and water. Versatility, durability, and economy have made it the world's most used construction materials.
It's used in highways, streets, parking lots, parking garage, bridges, high-rise buildings and numerous other application.

BASIC CONCEPT OF CONCRETE:

concrete comes from the latin word 'concretus' which means to grow. It is a heterogeneous mixture of any solid mass made by use of a cementing medium the ingredients generally comprises sand, gravel, cement and water having well-defined properties. concrete is widely used for making architectural, structures, foundations, brick/block walls, pavements, bridges/overpasses etc.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE:

• Durability under hostile environment
• It can be mould into variety of shaper
• relative economy and easy availability
• compression bearing capacity
• it shows the versatility

TYPES OF CONCRETE AS PER IS 456:2000

1. Ordinary concrete                           M10 TO M20
2. Standard concrete                           M25 TO M55
3. High strength concrete                   >M60

      So here we see what is concrete, basic characteristics of concrete and types of concrete as per IS 456;2000.Please share it to more because sometimes a simple word also being a complicated for others.

Foundation in Engineering

           

       Another dangerous word for us is a foundation.Without this, any of the situation may not happen,whether we are thinking of the study we need some strong basic that is known as a foundation of our career.In the makeup of life or make of structure, we require the foundation.A good enough foundation is the necessity to a Good structure. So the first question arises what is foundation?What is the use of it? The requirement for the Good foundations are what?

The foundations of buildings bear on and transmit loads to the ground.The foundation is that part of walls, piers, and columns in direct contact with and transmits loads to the ground.The principal foundation type is the strip, pad, raft, and pile foundations as illustrated.

strap foundation is a continues strip of concrete under walls, a pad an isolated base under piers  and columns, a raft a continuous base under the whole building, and a pile concrete column or pillar cast in or driven into the ground to support a concrete base or ground beam.

The ground is the general term for the earth's surface,which varies in composition within the two main groups, rocks, and soils.Rocks include the hard, rigid ,rocks and soils

Requirements for good foundation:

A foundation to serve its purpose needs to satisfy the following criteria.

1. The foundations should sustain the dead and imposed loads and transmit these to the sub-soil in such a way that pressure on it will not cause settlement which would impair the stability of the building or adjoining structures.
2. The base of the foundation should be rigid so that differential settlements are minimized, especially for the case when superimposed loads are not evenly distributed.
3. Foundations should be taken sufficiently deep to guard the building against damage or distress caused by swelling-shrinkage of the sub-soil.
4. Foundations should be so located that its performance may not be affected due to any unexpected future influence.

Types of foundation:

There are two types of foundation
1> shallow foundation
2>  deep foundation

We will see more details about the foundation in next post.keep reading.

WHAT IS ENGINEERING ?

           The first question ever comes in mind when we call or say engineering is that what is it when we say, doctor, we have an image of doctor, teacher, lawyer or any manager so what actually Engineers do lacks of student choose the field of engineering want to became engineer they get succeed too, but again and again what the engineering is ?

    Here in technical terms  'The branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures' and 'The action of working artfully to bring something about.'so we can say Engineering is the process of envisioning, inventing, creating and building the world around us.

                                               
                                              

For example, they use:

• Brick,steel and glass to design and build buildings
• Earth, rock, cement and asphalt to design and build roads and roadway systems
• wood, aluminium and new composite materials to design and build cars, airplanes and jets
• Earth moving plans to design and build tunnels and dams 
• Engineering technology to solve and prevent medical problems by creating artificial limbs, artificial valves for the heart, various types of sensors for the blind and Saftey equipment and firefighters.
• The principles of chemistry to solve problems involving the production or use of chemicals and biochemicals
• Knowledge of the properties of light to build laser and the physiology of the body to design products that are comfortable and safe to use.

               In summary, Engineering is the creative and purposeful use of scientific Knowledge to design and develop systems that make our lives easier, safer and more entertaining.It shapes the world that we live in and also the way we live.It is indispensable for the human being since it is the propelling force behind the civilizations.